Television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TV - Essay Example Williams takes a gander at TV from a wide perspective, taking a gander at the social history of TV as an innovation and the social history of the employments of TV innovation, just as taking a gander at circumstances and logical results of innovation and society. Spigel sees TV by analyzing how it influenced residential life during the 1950s, while likewise mirroring this household life. Adorno took a gander at TV by how it influenced the mind and the character. Williams (3) starts his article by taking a gander at taking a gander at the general explanation that TV has modified our reality. He contends that innovation, by and large, has significant social change, and TV is a sort of innovation that advances this kind of progress. The advancements which had gone along by Williams’ time, including the steam motor, the vehicle, the nuclear bomb, and the TV, are answerable for making present day man and making TV. Or on the other hand, then again, rather than taking a gander at in novation as changing and making the advanced man, the innovation is really the result of a specific cultural change. For this situation, the new innovation is a side effect of social change, not the reason for it. He additionally expresses that TV, as most innovation, jumped up as the consequence of a particular need that was communicated by society (Williams, 12). That was that innovation was important on the grounds that there was a need to get the message out of mouth correspondence, which is the predominant method of getting a message out to the majority. There was an expansion of the social, financial and political framework, and TV was a reaction to the emergency inside this framework. There came a period where there was an incredible complex gathering of advancements which were required for society, including photography for network, family and individual life; the film for diversion; and the phone for business correspondence (Williams, 12). The TV, at that point, was the aft ereffect of these necessities mixing, as the TV basically brings these innovations together. Along these lines, the TV, as per Williams (13), is a path for there to be social joining and control. While Williams saw TV regarding how it was utilized, and why it was concocted, Spigel (337) took an alternate propriety. For her, TV was not only a question of innovation that is reacting to various social needs, yet TV has additionally assumed an unpredictable job in the individual family units and individual lives that see it. In particular, TV was a portrayal of the gendered examples of work and relaxation in the normal American home (Spigel, 337). Spigel analyzed notices that ran in women’s magazines to decide how TV was incorporated into the family life, especially in the life of the lady. These notices give some insight to how TV was comprehends by the individuals and how TV identified with their lives. For a period, TV was an approach to reestablish the confidence in the famil y. During the 1950s, Spigel (340) clarifies, there was a lot of crack in families, as the war had recently finished, which left many broken homes. On TV, notwithstanding, there were representations of glad and household individuals leading lives that were not all that cracked, so this was a method of reestablishing confidence in the family. Besides, ladies were certified through TV, as TV gave them that they were significant. They frequently felt cheapened, in light of the fact that their work was not seen as significant in the general plan of things, however TV helped them see that

Analyze an online article called Does Gender Matter by Ben.A Barres Essay

Investigate an online article called Does Gender Matter by Ben.A Barres - Essay Example First it goes about as the scenery. He contends that ladies are not seeking after sciences in scholastics for the most part on account of separation dissimilar to what Lawrence and the others have put together their contention with respect to; that, ladies neglect to progress in sciences because of contrast in instinctual failure among people. This paper tends to the regular communicated types of segregations that ladies experience and the dangers that the author takes in tending to this issue. Dangers taken by scholars to demonstrate the effects of female segregations are fantastical. Ben Bares alludes to the before said speculation as, ''Larry summer hypothesis†.â He put together his contention with respect to that, a section from the significant social factors that may make ladies to abhor sciences and arithmetic from a youthful age, there is as yet slight proof that there exists distinction in sex capacities in math which are natural or which are somewhat pertinent to absence of movement of ladies in sciences.â He clarifies that the general public accept that the ladies are less inherently capable in contrast with men. He further says this supposition that is the principal reasonâ why ladies are delayed in advancing in sciences and arithmetic. Ben Bares in dismissing the theory by Lawrence Summers, Bares faces an incredible challenge since he needs to demonstrate that it isn't logically demonstrated and there is no information supporting such cases. This he does cautioning that he kicks the bucket not plan to fight with men or transform them into scalawags asâ expressed in the statement, â€Å"I want to make men into villain.† Bares face this challenge so he could ensure the female sexual orientation in the general public in light of the fact that in the previous years it has confronted a lot of separation and there is nobody who remained to secure their wants. This hazard takes care of well since it brought an extraordinary discussion which has been examined for quite a long time going to years putting him on the map in ensuring ladies in the general public. Indeed, even before anyone could consider significance of examining the issue of

Oil and Gas Accounting Essay

In the event that activity is directed under Lease or concession understanding, it is far-fetched that the agreement would contain arrangements that would allow cost recuperation of these expenses If the activity is led under a psc or hazard administration understanding, the contractual worker might be allowed to recoup G&G related uses caused after permit obtaining and perhaps G&G costs acquired before permit securing Support gear and offices Cost of securing bolster hardware and offices ought to be promoted Any related devaluation or working costs become an investigation, improvement or creation cost, as suitable. Passages: Db G&G cost â€depreciation Cr Accumulated Depreciation Db G&G cost working costs Cr Cash Reprocessing Seismic How to represent cost of re-assessment or reprocessing of the information? On the off chance that the reprocessing identifies with the quest for oil, at that point it ought to be represented by SE arrangements in regards to prospecting and nondrilling investigation costs. On the off chance that the intention is to decide how best to build up the stores in the field, at that point they ought to be promoted as advancement costs. Permit securing costs Expenses of assessing business condition, signature reward, arranging, and so forth ought to be promoted Entry: Db Intangible resources unproved property Cr Cash Improvement and creation rewards On the off chance that the installment is really a conceded marking reward, the suitable bookkeeping treatment is to underwrite the advancement reward as a permit obtaining cost. Collect once the activities are obviously continuing to the improvement stage. Passages: To record signature reward: Db Intangible Assets †unproved property Cr Cash To move unproved property expenses to demonstrated because of business revelation: Db Proved property Cr unproved property To record accumulation of creation reward: Proved property Cr creation reward payable To record installment of creation reward: Db Production reward payable Cr Cash Internal expenses identifying with securing Can apportion promoted expenses to singular licenses gained, on a land premise or an a potential licenses premise Costs of conveying and holding unproved properties Expenses identifying with keeping up unproved properties be charged to cost as brought about Ex: postpone rentals paid on rent mineral properties until indicated work is initiated, property charges, bookkeeping costs, legitimate costs Impairment of unproved property Debilitation has happened if there is some sign that the promoted cost of an unproved property is more noteworthy than the future financial advantages expected to be gotten from the property. Under SE, misfortune ought to be figured it out. Negative G&G information and dry openings would ordinarily propose that piece of the property’s authentic expense has terminated and impedance ought to be perceived Db Impairment cost Cr Allowance for hindrance FASB licenses hindrance of exclusively irrelevant properties on a gathering premise. Apply the impedance rate to the absolute expense of the gathering of separately unimportant unproved properties. This decides the ideal parity in the recompense for disability account. Next the distinction between the present equalization and the ideal parity is perceived as debilitation cost. Passage: Impairment Expense Cr Allowance for disability, bunch premise Abandonment of unproved property Full deserting: When a separately critical permit region is deserted, its net promoted securing expenses ought to be charged to give up and deserting cost Ex: Db Surrender and surrender cost (equivalent to obtaining cost) Db Allowance for disability (balance) Cr unproved property Partial Abandonment or Relinquishments On the off chance that the fractional deserting mirrors a diminishment in the company’s appraisal of things to come financial advantage of the property, at that point the entireâ property ought to be surveyed for extra weakness. Unproved property characterization An unproved property ought to be renamed to a demonstrated property status if and when business saves are found on the property. Ex: Db Tangible Assets-demonstrated property (procurement costs) Db Impairment Allowance (balance) Cr In substantial resources unproved property Sales of unproved property On the off chance that the property was independently critical, an increase or misfortune ought to be perceived on the deal. Ex: Db Cash (deal value) Db recompense for weakness (balance) Db/Cr(gain or misfortune) Cr unproved property If the property was independently inconsequential, an increase ought to be perceived just if the selling cost surpasses the first expense of the property. Misfortune acknowledgment isn't permitted. Section 5 Representing Exploratory Drilling and Appraisal Costs Under SE, general nondrilling exploratory expenses are to be charged to cost as caused; exploratory penetrating sort costs are at first promoted. Exploratory Well-very much penetrated to discover and create oil or gas in an unproved zone to locate another supply in an another repository or to expand a known store. Stratigraphic test well-penetrating exertion to acquire data relating to a particular land condition. â€Å"Exploratory type† whenever bored in a demonstrated zone, â€Å"development type† whenever penetrated in a demonstrated territory. Investigation well-all around bored to find whether oil or gas exists in a formerly unproved topographical structure Appraisal well-well drill to decide the size, attributes, and business capability of a repository by burrowing an exploratory well. Grouping Drilling costs Separate elusive penetrating expenses (IDC) from gear costs. IDC deducted in year brought about for US charge law. Gear expenses might be devalued more than 7-10 years. Other than charge purposes, differentiation has no criticalness Targeted Depth While assessing subsequent to penetrating : if business holds have been found, the boring in progress account adjusts are moved to another kind ofâ asset account that will be dependent upon devaluation The primary effective exploratory well’s cost will be renamed from an unproved to a demonstrated property account If well is fruitless, attachment and desert gap and charges these expenses to dry gap cost, net any gear rescued from well. In the event that the permit zone is likewise surrendered, the net carting esteem must be composed away. Promoted G&G SE-G&G costs are to be charged to cost as brought about. Current strategies may underwrite 3D and 4D seismic techniques used to decide drill destinations. Time Limit on investigation and assessment or evaluation costs With the end goal for cost to be promoted in SE, there must be recognizable future advantage. In the event that an exploratory wwell has discovered oil holds in a region requiring significant capital use to be delegated demonstrated. For this situation, the expense of boring the exploratory well will keep on being conveyed as a benefit up to 1. The well has discovered an adequate amount of stores to legitimize its consummation and 2. Boring of the extra wells is in progress or made arrangements for the not so distant future All different wells, sshall not be conveyed as an advantage for over one year following finish of penetrating Post-accounting report Period GAAP arrangements that identify with data about conditions that existed at the asset report date or that got known after the finish of the period however before the budget summaries are given. On the off chance that well is resolved dry, promoted costs are discounted to dry opening cost If business holds are discovered, the promoted boring expenses are moved to the wells and hardware accounts All the promoted expenses of an exploratory well are commonly renamed as dry gap cost or as wells and related gear Cost endorsement, spending plan and observing AFE-Authorization for consumption Section 6 Boring And Development Costs-US SE Advancement costs-costs caused to get access to demonstrated stores and toâ provide offices for removing, treating, assembling and putting away the oil and gas. All the more explicitly, advancement costs, including deterioration and pertinent working expenses of help hardware and offices and different expenses brought about to: Gain access to and get ready well areas for boring, including looking over, depleting, street building, and so on Drill and prepare formative wells, including expenses of stages Acquire, develop and introduce creation offices, for example, rent stream lines, separators, and so forth Provide improved recuperation frameworks Improvement well-all around penetrated inside the demonstrated zone of an oil or gas store to the profundity of a stratigraphic skyline known to be gainful Service all around finished to help creation in a current field. Advancement type stratigraphic well-stratigraphic test all around bored in a demonstrated territory Capitalization of Development-Related G&G Exploration Costs Requires capitalization of G&G being developed exercises. Except if it is performed on an advancement land zone yet to an obscure structure-expensed. On the off chance that 3d seismic is being utilized to examine the repository and maybe where expansion improvement wells ought to be penetrated, hypothetically the expense ought to be promoted to the field as advancement cost. Overhead When in doubt, all G&A is expensed, anyway where the organization has a characterized strategy for portion is allowed to underwrite these expenses as a major aspect of advancement Capitalization of Depreciation of Equip and Facilities Contingent upon nature, expenses can be expensed or promoted Capitalization of Financing Costs â€Å"Capitalization of Interest† necessitates that a segment of intrigue costs caused during the development period of advantages ought to be promoted as a piece of the expense of oneself built resource. Intrigue capitalization just applies to qualifying resources: 1. Resources that are developed or in any case delivered for an enterprise’s own utilization 2. Resources expected available to be purchased or rent that are built or in any case delivered as discrete tasks (boats or land improvements) Amount to enthusiasm to underwrite the bit ofâ interest costs caused during the period when the advantage is bei

Sentence completions out, founding documents in

From Federalist Paper I (chosen at random) To the People of the State of New York: AFTER an unequivocal experience of the inefficiency of the subsisting federal government, you are called upon to deliberate on a new Constitution for the United States of America. The subject speaks its own importance; comprehending in its consequences nothing less than the existence of the union, the safety and welfare of the parts of which it is composed, the fate of an empire in many respects the most interesting in the world. It has been frequently remarked that it seems to have been reserved to the people of this country, by their conduct and example, to decide the important question, whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and force. If there be any truth in the remark, the crisis at which we are arrived may with propriety be regarded as the era in which that decision is to be made; and a wrong election of the part w e shall act may, in this view, deserve to be considered as the general misfortune of mankind. This idea will add the inducements of philanthropy to those of patriotism, to heighten the solicitude which all considerate and good men must feel for the event. Happy will it be if our choice should be directed by a judicious estimate of our true interests, unperplexed and unbiased by considerations not connected with the public good. But this is a thing more ardently to be wished than seriously to be expected. The plan offered to our deliberations affects too many particular interests, innovates upon too many local institutions, not to involve in its discussion a variety of objects foreign to its merits, and of views, passions and prejudices little favorable to the discovery of truth. Among the most formidable of the obstacles which the new Constitution will have to encounter may readily be distinguished the obvious interest of a certain class of men in every State to resist all changes which may hazard a diminution of the power, emolument, and consequence of the offices they hold under the State establishments; and the perverted ambition of another class of men, who will either hope to aggrandize themselves by the confusions of their country, or will flatter themselves with fairer prospects of elevation from the subdivision of the empire into several partial confederacies than from its union under one government. What was that about eliminating arcane vocabulary from the SAT again? And let’s not even get started on the syntax.

Starbucks Corporation Case Study in Motivation and Teamwork

Because of rapid globalization over recent years, competition around the world becomes more intense, especially for the service industry with similar products. The most critical point for business to achieve success is not only the quality of products they supply, but the atmosphere of cooperating and the amount yielded from teamwork in retail sales. Therefore, it turns out to be essential for companies to motivate, reward and train their employees to be the best quality personnel. Starbucks Corporation, the most famous chain of retail coffee shops in the world, mainly benefits from roasting and selling special coffee beans, and other various kinds of coffee or tea drinks. It owns about 4000 branches in the whole world. Moreover, it has†¦show more content†¦For example, managers plan the working hours per workers and arrange the schedule of time off, according to the workers’ wants in order to meet their requirements. There are interviews weekly to see what employees’ needs are. The partners have the right to figure out what is the best policy for them, and the directors show a respect for each suggestion. Starbucks even wants every employee to join in making and developing plans, then work together in achieving their goals. As a result, the policies and principles are communicated between all staff, and there is no limitation in employees’ personal opinions. 3) Good welfare measures: All employees, including informal personnel, are offered a great deal of welfare policies, for instance, commodities discounts for employees, medical insurance (including health, vision and dental) and vacations. Moreover, the partners who work over 20 hours a week are entitled to benefits. Starbucks also thinks that debt financing is not the best choice, thus it chooses to allocate stock dividends to all employees with a free script issue. By this policy, the employees can get benefits from the dividends of the company. Because of this, they have the same goal; in other words, they are motivated to increase the sales to earn more profits. To Starbucks, the employees are the most important asset. Teamwork 1) The strategies to keep good relationships: Starbucks establishes a well-developed system to keepShow MoreRelatedTeamwork Report862 Words   |  4 Pageson Ensure Team Effectiveness Starbucks Corporation: Case Study in Teamwork Name: Jessie (Luyan) Wang âž ¢ Introduction This report is a case study of Starbucks’ teamwork practices. In the first stage, the overview background of Starbucks will be introduced. Secondly, the viewpoints of Starbucks and the strategies, which are used by the company to make their teamwork performance well, are going to discuss. Next, the effectiveness of Starbucks teamwork strategy will be point out. In theRead MoreStarbucks’ Corporation: Case Study in Motivation2241 Words   |  9 PagesCase Study Report Starbucks’ Corporation: Case Study in Motivation Submitted to: ----------------------------- Faculty, MBA Program, BRAC University Submitted by: SNS MBA, BRACU Course Title: Organization Behavior and Leadership Course Code: HRM 501, Section: 03 Semester: MBA, Fall-2013 Date of Submission: 8 November 2013 Introduction: This report is a part of Masters of Business Administration (MBA) program, Organization Behavior and Leadership (HRM 501) course ofRead MoreTeamwork wins Championship1511 Words   |  7 PagesTeam work wins Championship! â€Å"Talent wins games, but teamwork and intelligence wins championship.†1 I must say what an awesome saying by Michael Jordan! He beautifully portrays the success of teamwork. As nowadays, the challenge for companies is to deliver quickly and flexibly new quality products and services in order to respond to greater and changing demands from clients. â€Å"Standardization† and â€Å"specialization† characterize traditional work organization; the work is divided into different segmentsRead MoreCase Study on Motivating Partners at Starbucks2321 Words   |  10 PagesCONTENT CASE STUDY ON MOTIVATING PARTNERS AT STARBUCKS 2 Question 1: Given Starbuck’s training approach, benefits, package, work/life program, and partner relations mechanisms, what insights have you gained about its approach to employee motivation? Explain your answer. 2 Introduction 2 Motivation 2 Expectancy- Probability (E to P) 4 Instrumentality- Probability (P to O) 4 Valence- V(R) 5 Conclusions 6 Question 2 : What needs does Starbucks appeal toRead MoreEvaluating Organizational Effectiveness : A Case Study Of Starbucks2970 Words   |  12 Pages Examining Organizational Effectiveness: A Case Study of Starbucks Introduction Increasingly, scholars and researchers within the field of organizational research are finding it difficult to come up with a rational, systematic approach to measuring aspects such as organizational effectiveness. However, judgments are constantly being made either consciously or unconsciously by individuals who constantly make the decision on which company stock or which organization they should buy their productsRead MoreStarbucks Culture Essay9960 Words   |  40 PagesContents Summary 1 1. Introduction 2 1.1 History of Starbucks Coffee Company 2 1.2 Development of Starbucks in China 2 2. 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By 1982Read MoreStarbucks Corporation ( Starbucks )2203 Words   |  9 PagesStarbucks Corporation (Starbucks) is a specialty coffee retailer of hot and cold beverages, coffee-related accessories, complementary food items, teas, and other non-food related products. Starbucks has retail stores in 39 countries and about 146,000 employees. The company operates primarily in the United States (U.S.) with headquarters in Seattle, Washington (Starbucks, 2007). In the early 1970s, Starbucks was established and the first location was in Seattle s Pike Place market in 1971. 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The Issue Of Medical Practitioners - 1076 Words

Medical practitioners have a history of not accurately reflecting the understandings of people who trans gender, dating back to the 1800s when they upheld the sexually dimorphic model that states that everyone has â€Å"one true sex† (Enke, lecture 2/18). Even in the early 1900s, medical professionals advised trans people to take hormones more closely aligned with their designated sex at birth, as it would help them â€Å"feel better†. However, medical treatment of people who trans has improved dramatically over the years. Now, in the 21st century, there are laws in place to prohibit discrimination against people who trans. In order to get from that point to this point, it took growth in both the trans community and the medical community. Medicine mimics society just as society mimics medicine, and as the trans community grew more forthright and educated from those within its community as well as the medical field, the medical field grew more understanding of people wh o trans. It is all a cycle. In the mid-twentieth century, Christine Jorgenson became the first publicly known American trans woman to undergo sex reassignment surgery. Christine initially referred to herself as a â€Å"homosexual with a large amount of femininity†, before she knew the language for what she actually was (Meyerowitz, p. 59). She claimed that she needed desperately to live as a woman and later claimed that her â€Å"condition† was â€Å"an error of nature† (Meyerowitz, p. 61). She was initially sent to a psychiatristShow MoreRelatedRoles and Responsibilities of Professional Practitioners699 Words   |  3 PagesProfessional Practitioners Introduction Adults living with a disability have the right to exist in the societal environment and have unlimited access to the health and social facilities that the community offers. The roles and responsibility of professional medical practitioners is to ensure that patients have access to the right healthcare at all time. 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Technology’s Impact

Question: Given the persistent problem with starvation in some parts of the world, and the anticipated population growth in developing nations, do we need genetically modified foods? Is it really a problem with supply, or is it a distribution problem? How would you characterize the politics of food? Answer: The problem with distribution of food all over the world is mainly due to the issue of supply of food. At times, it becomes expensive to distribute the food all over the world equally. Hence, the under developed countries like Africa is the major sufferer (Arj et al., 2013) Africa suffers from politics of food for being the underdeveloped country. Genetically modified crops would help the plants to resists flood and drought (Revolutionhunger.org, 2016). The underdeveloped countries would not have to spend the extra bit and can grow the crops in the country. References Arj, G., Portero, M., Piol, C., Vias, J., Matias-Guiu, X., Capell, T. et al. (2013). Plurality of opinion, scientific discourse and pseudoscience: an in depth analysis of the Sralini et al. study claiming that Roundup Ready corn or the herbicide Roundup cause cancer in rats.Transgenic Res,22(2), 255-267. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-013-9692-9 Revolutionhunger.org,. (2016).The Issue - Revolution Hunger.Revolutionhunger.org. Retrieved 14 August 2016, from https://www.revolutionhunger.org/the-issue

Tissue Specimen free essay sample

| NAM_________________________ DATE_____________| | NO| NAME OF TISSUE / SPECIMEN| NAME OF THE ORGAN SYSTEM| LABEL SPECIMEN| FUNCTION| DESEASE| Type of tissuesection| Staining technique| REFRENCE| MAGNIFICATION| DRAWING / SKETCH| 1| Acute Lymphocyte Leukemia | Cardiovascular System | Blood | Type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells| Leukemia | Blood Smear | Hematoxylin| http://swc2. hccs. du/bio/labs| 451306 pixels| | 2| Atherosclerosis- Coronary Artery | Cardiovascular system | Located in main arteries of heart| Blockage of passage of blood into coronary arteries| Arthrosclerosis blockage of coronary artery/ MI heart attack/ | CL| Giesma| Http://www. enome. gov/images| Size: 215200 pixels| | 3| Cardiac Muscle | Cardiovascular system | Heart/ smooth muscle | Contraction and relaxation of muscle for blood flow | Congestive heart failure| DM| Wrights| http://swc2. ccs. edu/bio/labs| 500376 pixels| | 4| Cystic Duct| Digestive system| Liver/ gall bladder | join passage of common hepiatic duct | Estrahepalic Bile Duct Cancer (PDQ) / Gallstones| CS| Silver strain| http://med. umich. edu/| 512512 pixels 117 kb| | 5| Dorsal Root Ganglion- Golgi Aparatus | eukaryotic cells organelle | Cellular Organelle| Distribution of cells chemicals products| Alzheimer’s Disease | DM| Silver Stained| http://anatomyatlas. We will write a custom essay sample on Tissue Specimen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page rg/microscopicantatomy/| 472269 pixels| | 6| Eosinophila | Cardiovascular system| Blood| Causes are allergic reaction or parasitosis| condition in which the eosinophil count in the peripheral blood exceeds 0. 45? 109/L| Blood Smear| Hematoxylin| http://www. nurs. org. jp/igaku/s4323| 200200 piels| | 7| Fish Blastodisc Mitosis Section| Reproductive system | Egg| the embryo-forming portion of an egg with discoidal cleavage| Mitosis | Longitudinal Cross section| Giesma| http://www. carolina. om/images/enUS| 251250 pixels| | 8| Frog Early Cleavage | Reproductive System | Frog egg| During the 3 hour fertilization and pass thru the gray crescent | Mitosis| Representative Sagittal Section| Giesma| https://bio. rutgers. edu/bm-earl. ,html| 215220 pixels| | 9| Uterus fibroid tumor| Reproductive System | Uterus| Is a benign tumor that originates from the smooth muscle layer of uterus| carcinosarcoma| CS| Wrights| http://www. obgyn. edu. /images| 400320 pixels| | 10| Goiter Section| Endocrine System| Enlargement of Thyroid gland| Regulating of body metabolism and calcium balance. | Hyperthyroidism: overproduction of thyroid hormone | LS| Wrights| http://pathweb. uchc. edu| 432324 pixels| | 11| Human Blood Smear| Cardiovascular System | Blood| Transport of nutrients and other wastes | Leukemia / hemophilia | Blood smear | Hematoxylin| Http://www. aug. edu/biology/1101cspage2| 30244 pixels| | 12| Human Aurobach’s plexus| Nervous system | Parasimpatetic Nervous System| provides motor innervation to both layers and secretomotor innervation to the mucosa,| Achalasia| CS| Wrights| http://en. ikipedia. org/aurebach’s plexus| 50215 pixels| | 13| Human Blood Smear (Wrights)| Cardiovascular System| Blood| Transportation of nutrients and wastes| lymphoma,| Blood smear| Wrights| http://download. videohelp. com/visual/med| 367192 pixels| | 14| Human Brain Astrocytes- Silver Stained| Nervous System | star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord| biochemical support of endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier| Neurodegeneration, Alzheimers disease, Parkinson Disease, | LS| Silver Stained | Http://nordiqu. rg/images/IFs| 170255 pixels| | 15| Human breast carcinoma | Reproductive System| malignant breast neoplasm| Cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts| Breast Cancer | LS| Wrights| http://www. labvision. c/images/ihcimage| 175175 Pixels| | 16| Human Cardiac Infection – Cross section| Cardiovascular system | Heart | Decrease function of heart developing heart failure and valve dysfunction | Bacterial endocarditis an infection of the heart valves or the hearts inner lining endocardium| Cross section | Wrights| http://pathmicro. ed. sc. edu| 448350 pixels | | 17| Human Cardiac muscle – Interacted Discs| Cardiovascular system | Striated Smooth Muscle | Intercalated discs (IDs) are complex adhering structures which connect single cardiac myocytes| Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopa thy, ARVC| CS| DM| http://www. 1cro. com/Discovery/cardiacmus. gif| 308153 pixels | |

Element Group 15 - Nitrogen Family Facts

Element Group 15 - Nitrogen Family Facts The nitrogen family is element group 15 of the periodic table. Nitrogen family elements share a similar electron configuration pattern and follow predictable trends in their chemical properties. Also Known As: Elements belonging to this group are also known as pnictogens, at term derived from the Greek word pnigein, which means to choke. This refers to the choking property of nitrogen gas (as opposed to air, which contains oxygen as well as nitrogen). One way of remembering the identity of the pnictogen group is to remember the word starts with the symbols of two of its elements (P for phosphorus and N for nitrogen). The element family may also be termed pentels, which refers both to the elements formerly belonging to element group V and their characteristic of having 5 valence electrons. List of Elements in the Nitrogen Family The nitrogen family consists of five elements, which start with nitrogen on the periodic table and move down the group or column: nitrogenphosphorusarsenicantimonybismuth Its likely element 115, moscovium, also exhibits traits of the nitrogen family. Nitrogen Family Facts Here are some facts about the nitrogen family: Nitrogen family elements consists of atoms having 5 electrons in their outer energy level. Two of the electrons are in the s subshell, with 3 unpaired electrons in the ​p subshell.As you move down the nitrogen family: atomic radius increases, ionic radius increases, ionization energy decreases, and electronegativity decreases.Nitrogen family elements often form covalent compounds, usually with the oxidation numbers 3 or 5.Nitrogen and phosphorus are nonmetals. Arsenic and antimony are metalloids. Bismuth is a metal.Except for nitrogen, the elements are solid at room temperature.Element density increases moving down the family.Except for nitrogen and bismuth, the elements exist in two or more allotropic forms.Nitrogen family elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. Their compounds may be transparent, either diamagnetic or paramagnetic at room temperature, and may conduct electricity when heated. Because the atoms form double or triple bonds, the compou nds tend to be stable and potentially toxic. Element facts include crystal data for the most common allotropes and data for white phosphorus. Uses of Nitrogen Family Elements Two of the elements, nitrogen and phosphorus, are essential for life.Most of the Earths atmosphere consists of nitrogen gas, N2. Diatomic pnictogen molecules like this may be called pnictides. Because of their valence, pnictide atoms are connected by a covalent triple bond.Phosphorus is used in matches, fireworks, and fertilizer. Its also used to make phosphoric acid.Arsenic is toxic. It has been used as a poison and as a rodenticide.Antimony finds use in alloys.Bismuth is used in medications, paint, and as a catalyst. Nitrogen Family - Group 15 - Element Properties N P As Sb Bi melting point (Â °C) -209.86 44.1 817 (27 atm) 630.5 271.3 boiling point (Â °C) -195.8 280 613 (sublimes) 1750 1560 density (g/cm3) 1.25 x 10-3 1.82 5.727 6.684 9.80 ionization energy (kJ/mol) 1402 1012 947 834 703 atomic radius (pm) 75 110 120 140 150 ionic radius (pm) 146 (N3-) 212 (P3-) 76 (Sb3+) 103 (Bi3+) usual oxidation number -3, +3, +5 -3, +3, +5 +3, +5 +3, +5 +3 hardness (Mohs) none (gas) 3.5 3.0 2.25 crystal structure cubic (solid) cubic rhombohedral hcp rhombohedral Reference: Modern Chemistry (South Carolina). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Harcourt Education (2009).

Customer Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Knowledge Management - Essay Example Customer knowledge gained from firsthand customer contact is very persuasive. Smart CEOs at firms like IBM, Cisco, and EMC intuitively realize this, and their senior managers contact their major customers on a regular basis. These firms also act on that information to improve relationships with those important customers. The benefits of customer knowledge management have concentrated at the individual level. For example, Dreyfus, like other mutual fund firms, keeps track of client activity, claiming that they can predict when a client is going to shift money out of their mutual funds. Clients receive a call from a Dreyfus representative, who wants to know how the client feels about the investment and if his or her goals are being met. If Dreyfus is able to track clients at all stages of the consumption process, then the firm has a better chance of retaining the customer. A number of CRM - and ERP-type software programs allow companies to track processes in the life of a specific sale s order from order entry all the way to delivery to customer. Of course, FedEx introducing package tracking is a well-known example from years ago. There are a number of benefits of information technology for firms of any size. The marketing research practice has undergone a major transformation in recent years. A primary function of marketing research activities is to collect and analyze customer information. Technology has enabled all phases of the marketing research process ranging from sampling and data collection to analysis and reporting. With newer technologies and faster cycle times, firms conduct research at all stages of the product lifecycle and not just at the product development stage or the test marketing stage.  

Green Revolution and Energy Use Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Green Revolution and Energy Use - Assignment Example Most of the energy I use is by using heating and cooling equipment, lighting and electronics devices. In order to decrease energy use I will ensure to use programmable thermostat in daily heating and cooling management at home. This will reduce the kilos of energy used by nearly  ¼. Moreover, I will also ensure to turn off electronics such as fan, television and lights whenever am leaving the house. This will gradually reduce the hours from 3-4 hours to roughly 2-3hours, when these appliances are in use. Moreover, I will ensure to unplug electronic devices such as; cell phones charges, power tools, digital cameras and computers when they are not in use so as to reduce the recharging period. I will also reduce hot water usage by taking short showers and washing clothes with cold water (Doty et al, 2007). Lastly, I would try using other energy sources that are more efficient like natural gases. I rely on electricity in three quarter of my energy use; therefore, diversifying to other sources for example gas water heaters and dryers might reduce my energy use. Since energy is significant in my day to day activities increasing its efficiency will help me save a lot. Modern technology advancement has brought about many useful changes that assist in increasing energy efficiency. For instance; modern appliances e.g. freezers, ovens, dishwashers and refrigerators, use significantly less energy and are more efficient than older appliances. Refrigerators today use less energy compared to conventional models of 2001 by approximately 40%. Therefore, I would buy modern appliances that use energy efficiently. Furthermore, since use of energy for lighting is averaging 5.5k per day, I will ensure to incorporate architectural features that reflect light into the building(Diesendorf, 2007). This will result to a reduced artificial energy use. I will also use compact fluorescent lights

Gun Control Persuasive Essay Example for Free

Gun Control Persuasive Essay I believe that guns should not be banned in the US. â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people.† I am sure most of us have heard this saying at some point in our lives. Surely, it is a statement of the obvious, but the logic behind it rings true. It may seem rational to ban guns entirely to prevent people from killing, but it is not the guns themselves that are the problem. That is just a simple solution to a complex problem. The criminals who kill others are willing to break the law and risk going to prison for the rest of their lives to murder, yet they are expected to follow firearm laws? If a nationwide gun ban is enacted, criminals will not suddenly follow the law and reject the thought of buying a firearm on the black market. Banning all guns in the United States would be irrational because it would not lower crime or prevent firearm-related murders. Outlawing firearms punishes the law-abiding citizens by leaving them defenseless against criminals who obtain their firearms illegally .Protecting yourself with a legally obtained firearm should not be against the law and should me more of a necessity for the safety of your family and property. The Department of Justice’s own National Institute of Justice study titled Guns in America: National Survey on Private Ownership and Use of Firearms estimated that 1.5 million Americans use guns for defensive purposes every year. People who commit crimes are already willing to break the law to kill someone, why wouldn’t they break the law and buy a firearm off the black market. As we’ve learned from the war on drugs, prohibiting a particular item only makes a stronger criminal enterprise. It would seem logical that the banning of firearms would lead to less firearms and less crime, but statistics show just the opposite. Washington D.C. has had a handgun ban in effect since 1976. After the ban, D.C.’s murder rate only once fell below what it was in 1976. Furthermore, Washington D.C. has been notorious for being one of the most violent cities in the country. Not only is this the case in the United States, but the trend continues in other countries around the world. For example, after firearms were banned in England and Wales in 1997, the number of deaths and injuries from gun crime increased 340 percent in the seven years from 1998 to 2005. The claim that guns are the problem is merely a scapegoat for larger socioeconomic problems such as poverty, drugs, poor parenting, and undesirable role models. As for the mass shootings that have become a staple for the fear mongering corporate media, it should be noted that every single mass shooter since columbine had been prescribed serotonin boosting psychiatric drugs, yet the media seldomly mention this and never correlate it with the crime. Perhaps they don’t want to point the blame towards their big pharmaceutical sponsors, whose ads bombard you during every commercial break. Furthermore the media also sensationalizes these shooters making them seem like martyrs for the next potential shooter. An abundance of registered firearms in the hands of law-abiding citizens acts as a deterrent against crime. The city of Kennesaw, Georgia passed an ordinance in March of 1982 requiring each household to own and maintain a gun. Kennesaw’s crime rate dropped significantly after the ordinance, and there has not been a single murder over the twenty-six years that it has been in effect. The claims that a high gun ownership results in high amounts of violence is nothing more than a fabrication. Switzerland, a country known for having one of the highest rates of gun ownership in the world, also maintains one of the lowest firearm-related crime rates in the world. In areas where gun ownership is high, the threat of an armed civilian acts as a hindrance against the criminal element. Overall, I speculate that the United States will continue to see a reduction in crime in areas of rising gun ownership. A firearm ban would not stop crime and would only hurt responsible, law-abiding citizens. As long as there is a criminal element, people will always feel the need to protect themselves against a perceived threat. The second amendment was implemented by the founding fathers of the United States as a fundamental right of the people to protect themselves from all forms of tyranny. The right to keep and bear arms is deep-rooted in American culture, and it will not be going away any time soon.

The art of loving :: essays research papers

The Art of Loving is a slim volume of only a little over a hundred pages yet it packs one hell of a punch. Written some fifty years ago, here is a more damning indictment of modern society than anything the existential crowd of Bertrand Russell, Albert Camus or Jean Paul Sartre could cook up. The Art of Loving is a very concise and pithy read, it is written in the terse lucid style of gospel, each word in each line serving a critical function. This is not a writer’s style nor is a critic’s but that of a scientist, impartial and wholly objective – some may think of it as cold. But it is also easy to see that it is written by a man who is completely at ease with his ideas, who has followed them to their natural conclusion – that Love is a dead flower; and only one in a million may ever resurrect it in his or her life. Something as audacious a title as The Art of Loving could only have been pulled off by a man of the calibre of Bertrand Russell, and as a social philosopher, reformer and rebel Erich Fromm is no less great a name. As a psychoanalyst, he diverged from the typical Freudian obsession with unconscious drives and insisted on the importance of economic and social factors for mental well-being. His works are noted for their emphasis on a â€Å"sane society†, one which is based on rational human needs and where individuality is not compromised in the name of economics or authority. Erich Fromm is one of the pivotal figures in the Humanist movement that reared its head for a short flicker after World War II. His highly influential works (including Man for Himself, Escape from Freedom, The Sane Society, etc.) paint the pathetic picture of dazed consumer and encourage a renaissance of new, enlightened values to salvage our humanity. And it’s more than just talk – in The Art of Loving, Fromm quotes effortlessly from Marx, Huxley, Rumi and several religious texts to hammer in his points. Is Love really an art? Undoubtedly, he answers, in as much as Life itself is an art – which has a very nice ring to it, but seems to be a wholly outdated formula – and which is where our problems begin. The world is a Market today, Fromm says, and our whole culture is based on the idea of a â€Å"mutually favourable exchange†.

Police Administration Essay

The role of police in the safety of the community has long been recognized.   It is thus of great importance that the operations behind the police system be well understood in order to identify points that are considered to be exemplary, as well as areas which are in need of further evaluation and reorganization.   This research paper will discuss areas of police administration that are related to the recruitment and hiring process.   A brief review of other related areas of police administration will also be presented in order to provide a holistic overview of the topic. POLICE WORK AND RELATED PROBLEMS The area of police work is an occupation that is strongly associated with misconduct and criminal acts.   The act of performing police work is highly discretionary because it entails a combination of both standard police principles and personal ideologies that influence a police officers values and morale.   Police work also involves coercive activity that regularly occurs in the most private situations which are often not in the presence of their immediate supervisors but in the vicinity of witnesses who, unfortunately, often distort the details of the criminal event when interviewed or asked to testify.   Police work is also strongly associated with corruption through the extreme abuse of police authority for the wrong benefits of other individuals (Klockars, 2000). Corruption is a form of misconduct that has long been a concern of every society.   Several attempts has been made to control the application and use of corruption in police work yet there are several factors that decrease the likelihood of success in controlling this social problem.   One of the factors that hinder the control of corruption is that police officers refuse to report activities that are deemed corrupt to their fellow officers.   Also known as The Code or The Code of Silence, this secret has been with the police force for decades. Another factor that prevents the control of corruption in police work is that police administrators are hesitant in acknowledging that corrupt events do exist in their respective police agencies.   The idea that corrupt activities may benefit the police officers in terms of extra financial income also influences police officers to continue performing or acknowledging corrupt acts.   Another factor that prevents the success in controlling corrupt activities within the police force involves the scarcity of victims of these shameful acts who are willing to report the corrupt incident to federal investigators. For some time, corruption has been viewed by police administrators as a sign of the insufficiency of moral standards among police officers.   To date, the officials of police administration has actively fought the problem of corruption in the police force by meticulously and cautiously screening the new applicants for positions in the police force in order to lessen the probability that newly hired police officers will not succumb to the perennial problem of corruption in their field of work.   In addition, police administrators have also aggressively followed and hunted down any members of the police force that are known to deal with corrupt activities during their line of duty with the police force.   Once these morally delinquent police officers are tracked, they are dismissed from their positions so that any additional cases of corruption will surely be prevented. The removal of these corrupt police officers also assure that the negative influences of these police officers will not spread to the rest of the members of the police force.   The concept of removal of a corrupt police officer from the police force is similar to the bad apple theory in agriculture and this approach has been strongly criticized in the past years.   In order to better understand the problems associated with police work, it is essential that the field of police work first be presented. THE ROLE OF A POLICE OFFICER   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A police officer pertains to a working employee of the police force who has been trained in special responsibilities such as counterterrorism and surveillance.   A police officer is also equipped with the capabilities for child protection as well as protection of diplomatic individuals.   Police officers are experienced in investigating crimes such as murder, burglary, rape and drug trafficking. It should be understood that the duties of a police officer encompass a wide range of functions.   These officers are expected to be capable of responding to any type of situation that may occur during their time of duty.   Police officers are considered as government officials during investigatory events of crimes.   In specific cities and communities, it is the responsibility of a police officer to maintain peace and conduct in the area, even if they are not on duty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Society perceives a police officer as a person who is responsible for instilling peace and order in his particular area of duty.   Peace and order can be attained through the enforcement of rules or prohibitions in terms of social interactions.   Police officers are also responsible in discouraging attempts to commit crimes, aside from investigating a crime that has already occurred in a particular area.   In addition, police officers carry the legal role and authority to arrest any suspected individuals that may have played a role in a crime.   They also have the authority to interrogate and detain the suspect, as well as report the incident and the associated suspects to the proper authorities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Police officers may also help in instilling the safety of the public during large gatherings.   Such role may be similar to an emergency service wherein they could be called on to facilitate in public operations such as town or city programs and parades.   These individuals also serve as a source of immediate response during times of emergency and disasters because they serve as the first person at the scene of an incident. Once a police officer arrives at the particular site and makes a quick survey of the area, he then quickly informs the fire and emergency medical units of the city to respond to the situation.   Depending on the state or country, police officers and firemen have the same line of call, wherein these two groups of government employees may respond to the scene of a disaster at the same time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Minor offenses are also reported by police officers in the form of citations which generally results in the implementation of fine.   One good example of a minor offense includes the violation in the laws of driving and traffic such as illegal parking or over-speeding.   Other traffic violations may include accosting a driver who has consumed more than the allowable amounts of alcohol drinks.   The detention of drivers that manipulate a vehicle under the influence of alcohol prevents car accidents as well as deaths.   Police officers are also trained in assisting individuals that are caught in the middle of an accident or even a simple car breakdown.   It is interesting to know that police officers are trained in techniques in first aid as well as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Park rangers are also considered as police officers who man the national parks and other open recreational locations.   These individuals also enforce specific laws in order to instill peace and order in these specific areas.   Police officers are also visible in areas where rallies and political activities are frequently held.   These law enforcers are responsible in suppress overly active protests that hinders the rest of the public from performing their daily functions such as going to work. Police officers make sure that rallies and other kinds of protests are held within the allowable parts of the public area such as sidewalks and the rest of the people and vehicles are not hindered from moving through their usual activities.   There are some cases wherein protesters may be extremely upset regarding a particular political or ethical issue and these individual may start screaming and acting in more violent behavior.   Should this be the case, the police officers are authorized to control such actions to an acceptable level of protest. QUALIFICATION OF A POLICE OFFICER   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The credentials of a police officer often vary in each country, mainly depending on the expectations and roles of the police officer in that part of the world.   However, it is a general requirement that a candidate for a position of police officer must show proof that he has completed some kind of formal education.   Several decades earlier, police officers were not required to finish a college degree yet currently this has changed. Mostly due also to the changing times and the evolution of the society in terms of values and morals, candidates for positions of police officers are now required to carry a tertiary degree.   In addition, the candidate for police officer is required to undergo two to three years of training as a police constable prior to promotion to a position of higher rank such as inspector or sergeant.   It is a common path that a police officer originates from a military or security position.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to carrying a college degree, a candidate for police officer is also required to undergo a physical fitness examination.   In the United States, there are currently laws that vary by state that describe the requirements for candidates for the position of police officer.   The requirements include specific information regarding the applicant’s age and educational level, as well as the criminal records and training.   A police agency is generally similar to that of a semi-military organization that requires particular training and experience before applicants are admitted to the police force.   There are also specific qualifications before a particular police officer can be promoted to a higher position in the police force.   It should be noted that promotion to a higher rank in the police force is not an automatic operation that occurs once a police officer has served for three years. Promotion to a higher rank entails taking additional examinations that serve as tools that will help assess the police officer if he is ready and competent enough to hold a higher ranking position.   An interview is also conducted by the review board that serves as a personal questioning session for the candidate police officer for promotion.   The stringent requirements for promotion of a police officer to a higher rank are commensurate to the responsibilities that this police officer will hold once he is awarded the higher police rank. It is actually normal for a police officer to remain in the same position ranking for some time and it is usually the highly competent officers that are often deserve a higher rank in the police force.   There are some instances when a specific police officer stays at the same position rank for a decade or more because it has been observed through their performance that the particular police officer is not competent to serve from a higher position.   Police officers who have served in the police force for a particular duration may also apply for the position of police specialist.   The specialist positions include the detective, firearms officer or motorcycle officer. TRAINING AT THE POLICE ACADEMY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A police academy is a training facility that is generally managed by the police department in order to serve as a venue for the education and development of the new recruits.   These individual recruits were previously hired by the police department yet they are first required to undergo training at the police academy before they are allowed to work with the police force.   The trainees at the police academy are taught essential skills that are expected of a police officer.   The training involves both classroom and actual action training that runs for several months. Full-time training requires that the candidates are present for the entire day at the police academy, with provisions for letting them stay in for several months.   In private police academies, training is conducted during the evenings so that the trainees are able to work during the day time to earn their wages to support themselves.   In police academies that are run by the police department, stipends are given to the trainees because they are already considered as employees of the police force.   Training at the police academy includes the principles of arrest and booking of individuals.   The use of firearms is also taught at the academy. Special driving skills are also taught at the police academy because this is essential is chasing suspects and criminals.   The trainees are also educated in terms of CPR and first aid skills because these capabilities are expected of a competent police officer.   Trainees are also taught skills in writing police reports as well as ethical measures in interacting with individuals that they would likely deal with on a daily basis as a police officer.   Theories of investigation and criminality will also be undertaken during the training of police officers.   Methods in interacting with the community will also be taught at the police academy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After several months of training at the police academy, the trainees are required to take written and practical examination to gauge the comprehension of the lessons that have been given to them.   Upon passing the requirements of the written and practical examinations, the trainee is awarded a certification of police academy training and will then be assigned as a member of the police department.   It has been observed that there has been an increase in recruitment of police officers in the past decade and it has been predicted that the number of newly recruited police officers will increase in the coming years.   This is mostly due to the change in the society and politics of the country, as well as the increase in urbanization of cities. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 AND EQUALITY AMONG MEN   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The hiring and recruitment of police officers has been influenced by the Civil Rights Act of 1964.   Years ago, Martin Luther King had a dream that all men and women would be equal.   The laws and progression of civil rights and immigration has changed the United States.   Racial inequality and color prejudice has damaged the United States; affecting the government system through legislation. The differences in culture background and heritage are being traversed. Borders are supposedly being crossed. Educational theories and classroom practices are taking up new forms in order to conform and meet the educational needs of the global societies. Educators and teachers are being expected to share views and recognize values from different cultures, races, societies and ethnic groups. They are expected to move outside the system and custom of the dominant society and incorporate beliefs other than those they are accustomed with. Our laws and progression of Civil Rights and immigration has changed the United States (AARP, 2004). The challenges that face our nation’s children relates to the civil right movements and immigration laws. The 1800’s industrialization expansion and slave trade increased immigration to the United States, bringing around twenty-five million people between 1866 and 1915.   In 1917, the United States began placing and enforcing restrictions on immigration.   The government did have provisions before, however most statutes were requirements for naturalization, government powers, reporting of aliens or items allowed to import. Amid 1875 to 1888, the government wanted to exclude people from coming into the United States that were criminals (whether convicted of crime or misdemeanor), prostitutes, paid or slave laborers, people with contagious diseases, polygamist, anarchist, or any person who wanted or thought it was okay to overthrow a government through forceful violence or assassination of public officials.   On February 5, 1917, a commission set forth by the President Woodrow Wilson, proposed and passed a law that enacted previous exclusions and added to exclude illiterate aliens. The excludable people were â€Å"imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, persons with physical or mental defects which may affect their ability to earn a living, persons afflicted with tuberculosis, children unaccompanied by their parents, persons who admitted the commission of a crime involving moral turpitude, and women coming to the United States for immoral purposes†. The 1920 U.S. census showed that the heaviest immigration prior to that time were from Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, and other countries in northern Europe. In the course of the ending of World War II in 1945, the number of aliens both legal and illegal increased dramatically. Immigrants were trying to escape poverty and oppression from all over the world. Citizens of the United States began feeling the pressure of immigrants taking their jobs and using expensive social services provided by the U.S. government with American tax dollars. The media began to portray evidence of racial inequality and color prejudice, damaging the image of the United States. Therefore, immigration and racial equality became debated hot topics. In 1857, the National Education Association (NEA) was formed to benefit teachers and students, and work to bring attention to educational issues, such as low teacher’s salaries, teacher retirement benefits, student testing and other bureaucratic demands. The NEA became an advocate for students and teachers through curriculum enhancements to both English language arts and history to benefit Immigrants, African Americans, and Indians (Holcomb 2006). The NEA lobbied to encourage laws like The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and The Immigration Nationality Act of 1964, which still affects our laws today, encouraging the idea of multiculturalism, thus expanding subjects such as history and language arts to include viewpoints of historically powerless and oppressed groups. During the civil rights movement, there were two America’s, a black America and a white America. The school, bathrooms, water fountains, restaurants, bus seats, libraries, movie theaters, hospital floors, and even the line to see Santa Clause were all segregated based on the color of skin.   African Americans went to school four months out of the year because they needed to help earn incomes the rest of the months. Their schools had no cafeteria, most with outside bathrooms; and their books were passed down from the white schools so they were all out of date. The school building that contained African American students were falling apart.    The classes were overcrowded with too many students, and not enough room for all the needed classes and materials. For the most part, these students had teachers that were substitutes who didn’t know what they were doing.   The teachers that were in these schools had fixed values for these students and did not provide curriculum that was interesting or pertained to the students who were learning. The assumption of teachers was that these African American students did not deserve â€Å"a great deal in life and that a little, even a very little, (a very little) for a Negro child is a great deal more than he or she has earned†. Complaints were being vocalized with the school districts letting white students ride the bus to attend white schools, and black students had to walk to their school when they lived right next to an â€Å"all white† school. In 1951, the Supreme Court finally had to face and rule on the subject of civil rights. A group called the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), created in 1909 to work towards eliminating segregation and discrimination, came together in a court case Brown versus Board of Education. African Americans had started filing suits against the educational systems as early as 1845, but the Supreme Court combined five cases to hear in 1951. The issues brought before the court was because of school conditions, segregation, deficient curriculum, pupil to teacher ratio, teacher training, extracurricular activity programs offered, transportation deficiencies, and of course teacher salaries. The discriminatory environment derived from civil rights and immigration issues unlocked, and then caused the world to see that human tendencies are to prejudge, discriminate against, and stereotype people based on their ethnic, religious, physical, or cultural characteristics. In 1954, Brown versus Board of Education of Topeka, also called Brown I ruled by Chief Justice Warren, acknowledged learning to be the most significant task of state and local government and repudiated the separate but equal doctrine, deciding that racially segregated schools were inherently unequal (Brown Foundation, 1996). The decision had great impact and important to the civil rights movement. The Supreme Court ruled that school had no place for separate but equal status. A year later the Supreme Court decision in Brown II defined how and when school desegregation would be achieved because there was no standard or deadline set in Brown I.   The legal precedence of this time caused far reaching social and ideological implications that brought about changes in the 1960’s and beyond. On the other hand, the legal wrangling did not make immigration and civil right issues disappear because of the ambiguity of the legal decisions. The 1960’s brought about race riots all over the U.S., deaths because of race, and more laws that declared discrimination illegal. On January 20, 1964, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn into the Presidency, after the sudden death of President John F. Kennedy. As America mourned the death of JFK, President Lyndon B. Johnson placed his hand on the Holy Bible that was being held by his wife and took the oath of office. On that particular day, Lyndon B. Johnson launched his new program called the Great Society. The agenda was intended to produce a better quality of life for all Americans.   Reporters knew the Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson as a legislative miracle.   In fact, Dick West of the Dallas Morning News expressed that Mr. Truman could not get started on a civil rights bill because a rebellious congress passed an immigration law over a veto.   Jack Kennedy took one whirl at federal aid to education, and then backed off. Then he tried to get Congress to set up a Department of Housing and Urban Development with Cabinet Status and was turned down in the House 264 to 150.   On the other hand, West writes that President Johnson was able to get these laws passed exactly the way he wanted them, thus being named The Congressional Magician.   President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on July 2, 1964, during a luncheon honoring late President Abraham Lincoln in the East room of the White House. The bill was about discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.   The President sat at a small table in the center with racks holding 72 pens, which was an insufficient amount.   He actually used over 100 pens to sign this triumphant bill into law.   Robert F. Kennedy sat in the front row, Martin Luther King sat in the second row, and other senators and cabinet members attended.   President Johnson’s speech was swift but had great emphasis as he called on all Americans to close the springs of racial poison and eliminate the last vestiges of injustice in our beloved America. The President spoke of the challenge that Lincoln bestowed upon America asking for preservation of the union, enlargement of liberties for America and for being true to the Declaration of Independence which gives liberty to all.   The speech was a direct challenge for all Americans to ensure that all people including Black American’s will be a part of a complete and equal society. Immigrants thus have an equal opportunity to apply as police officers.   However, it has been observed that most immigrants do not perform well in the written examination for police officers because the links between illiteracy and illegal immigration is astounding.   Hispanic immigrants come to the United States without having the basic literacy skills needed (Garraty and Carnes, 2001).   Teachers in Texas are finding that their classes are mostly English language learners. Bilingual assistants are there to translate to students and teacher regarding teaching information and notes; they are also there to translate during parent teacher conferences. Each state requires that each police officer candidate establish a language proficiency assessment to show that he passed the proficiency and achievement-level this is required for those individuals whose primary language is not English.   The examining committee classifies the applicant and recommends placement and help to benefit the applicant.  Ã‚   There are now reports that the translator and the English Language Learning programs are now improving.   Most immigrants are visual learners hence English or Spanish languages are no barriers to learning.   The problem is when the Hispanic people take the summers off to return to Mexico. Jackie stated that it seems like they lose the English proficiency learned previously.   While some teachers see the problem improving there are immigrants who have voiced their concern. There are certain citizens who are concerned that teachers are spending more time because of English Language Learners and have even dealt with hearing the American-born individuals in a special class because of observation as a slow reader. Upon further investigation, it was realized the teacher was teaching and reading to the children in Spanish, which English-speaking students did not understand. Because education focus has become multi-cultural teachers use literature to teach about other cultures. Multi-cultural literature develops values and self-concept for students. On the other hand, some say American-born students reading and writing scores are declining and achievement gaps are closing.   Some believe that many linguists and educators focus on the multicultural aspect, degrading the English Language. As of 1992, many states require teachers to have a certification to teach English as a Second Language, also called ESL in order to assist immigrants who are in training.   Teachers must have the appropriate academic background is ESL theory and methodology. While there are some educators who back bilingual education, which is where students learn basic skills in their own language while they are learning to speak English.   English-speaking students will have a chance to learn Spanish. However, we are facing political efforts to make English the United States official language.   Senator Pete Domenci of New Mexico expressed that the inherent shallowness behind ‘English Only’ would deny the United States the opportunity to meet is full market potential. Therefore, he introduced an approach called English Plus.   English-plus, adopted in New Mexico’s constitution requiring those public school teachers must be trained in both English and Spanish so that Spanish-speaking students will be taught English properly.   On the other hand, many believe there is no need to make English the official language of the United States because it limits us from having a world–view.     The English Language is the most multi-cultural language and it celebrates diversity because of the multi-cultural influences from the French, Germans, and African’s, which continually make it powerful and diverse. There is an increase in the need for police officers to establish peace and order in the country.   At the same time, the country is experiencing a rapid immigration increase of Hispanics and African American students. The appeal of the current level and police administration in terms of the hiring and recruitment process is an interesting area to cover. The costs of raising education potential for both African Americans and Latino students in order to provide equal opportunity for hiring immigrants would be high, yet there would be benefits by savings in public peace and order expenditures and increased tax revenues based on higher incomes.   Holding onto our legacy of the past, we are now teaching with a cultural approach attempt to raise the academic and professional achievement of all trainees and students through culturally relevant lessons.    Reference AARP, LCCR, & Library of Congress (2004). Save Our History: Voices of Civil Rights. The History Channel: The Hearst Corporation. Brown Foundation (1996). Brown VS Board of Education: About the Case. Retrieved March 9, 2006 from http://brownvboard.org/summary/. Garraty, J.A. & Carnes, M.C. (2001). A Short History of the American Nation. (P. 450). New York: Longman Klockars CB (2000):   The measurement of police integrity.   U.S. Department of Justice Research Briefs.   May 2000.

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